According to science these are techniques on how to be happier at work

As indicated by science these are methods on the best way to be more joyful at work Being upbeat grinding away is significant; it is where you go through 40+ hours week by week. Your satisfaction is typically reflected in the work you produce and your general demeanor. Glad workersâ tend to be more profitable than miserable laborers. We comprehend you’re not going to be in the best state of mind each day, particularly on the off chance that you are working a ton of additional time and feel overlooked. Be that as it may, with these strategies, you can have a higher activity fulfillment and be more joyful at work. Source [NetCredit]

Affirmative Action - Is it Fair? Essays -- Affirmative Action

Essay Topics For Job Test Can Be Found On Various Types Of Tests

Essay Topics For Job Test Can Be Found On Various Types Of TestsEmployers are always looking for individuals with particular areas of knowledge, and while their tests are designed to provide answers, they still need the means to find those individuals with similar expertise. One way for employers to do this is by allowing them to have different types of essays for their tests, which can be very valuable when used appropriately. Even though the essays will be part of the individual test, it is still important to understand how employers are looking for these to be placed on their exams.It is not uncommon for a test to have the same three basic topics. These topics are often given the same on all exams. Of course, when you do not know what these topics are before you get the job, it is important to remember that the employer will look for the same type of questions on each of the different types of tests that they run.One of the most common topics that will be asked on all tests is res earch. The employee needs to know how to do this type of work. The best way to prepare for this is to first learn about research in general.The employee should know what research work is, as well as how this works in different fields. Not only does this give the individual a better understanding of what types of things require research, but it also helps to show that they can write well about research. It also shows that they are willing to read and think about different types of information that may come across the desk in the workplace.The person should also know that extra credit can be given for researching, as well as other types of research. Extra credit is usually given for taking the time to do research on an organization's history or development. When an employer offers extra credit to someone for their extra research skills, they are looking for specific research skills.Another thing that they are looking for is a target score for that particular area. The actual target sc ore is only the minimum score that should be provided on the test. If someone scores lower than this, they will have a harder time finding others with the same skill set.Finally, they are looking at the person's ability to do research. The employer wants to know that they will not be forced to choose from the available options. The more informed the employee is about the different options they can take, the better.When using different types of essay topics for job test, the student will need to be able to understand the overall theme of the test. Make sure that the essay that they prepare will be the one that will be on the test. In the end, it is the essay that provides the information for the employer to review.

Creating Behavior Goals for Early Intervention Programs

Managing difficult behavior is one of the challenges that makes or breaks effective instruction. Early Intervention Once young children are identified as needing special education services, it is important to begin to work on those learning to learn skills, which importantly, include self regulation. When a child begins an early intervention program, it is not uncommon to find that parents have worked harder to placate their child than to teach them the desired behavior.   At the same time, those children have learned how to manipulate their parents to avoid those things they dont like, or to get the things they do want.    If a child’s behavior impacts his or her ability to perform academically, it requires a Functional Behavioral Analysis (FBA) and a Behavior Intervention Plan (BIP) by law (IDEA of 2004.) It is wise to attempt to identify and modify behavior informally, before you go to the lengths of an FBA and BIP. Avoid accusing parents or whining about behavior: if you gain the cooperation of parents early on you can avoid another IEP team meeting. Behavior Goal Guidelines Once you have established that you will need an FBA and BIP, then it’s time to write IEP Goals for behaviors. Write you goals positively as much as possible. Name the replacement behavior. Instead of writing â€Å"Zachary will not hit his neighbors† write â€Å"Zachary will keep hands and feet to himself.† Measure it through interval observation, noting the percentage of 15 or 30 minutes with hands and feet free behavior.Avoid preachy, values freighted words, especially â€Å"responsible† and â€Å"accountable.† When discussing with the student â€Å"why† feel free to use these words, such as â€Å"Lucy, I’m so happy you’re being responsible for your temper. You used your words instead!!† Or, â€Å"James, you’re 10 now, and I think you’re old enough to be accountable for your own homework.† But goals should read: â€Å"Lucy will tell a teacher or peer when she is angry and count to 10, 80 percent of the day (interval objective.) â€Å" â€Å"James will return completed homework 80% of days, or 4 out of 5 days.à ¢â‚¬ (frequency objective.)There are basically two kinds of objectives as noted above: interval and frequency goals. Interval goals are measured across intervals, and imply an increase of replacement behavior. Frequency goals measure the number of occurrences of a preferred or replacement behavior during a time period.The goal of behavior goals should be to extinguish, or eliminate, undesirable behavior and replace it with appropriate, productive behavior. Focusing on the target behavior may reinforce it and inadvertently make it stronger and more difficult to eliminate.   Focusing on the replacement behavior should help extinguishing the behavior. Anticipate an extinction burst before behavior improves.Problem behavior is not usually the result of reflective, thoughtful choices. It is usually emotional and learned—because it has helped the child get what he or she wanted. That doesn’t mean you shouldn’t talk about it, talk about the replacement behavior and talk about the emotional content of good behavior. It just doesn’t belong in an  IEP. Examples of Behavior Goals When prompted by the teacher or teaching staff, John will line up, keeping hands and feet to himself in 8 of ten opportunities as documented by teacher and staff in three of four consecutive days.  In an instructional setting (when instruction is presented by the teacher) Ronnie will remain in his seat for 80% of one minute intervals over 30 minutes as observed by teacher or teaching staff in three of four consecutive probes.  In small group activities and instructional groups Belinda will ask staff and peers for access to supplies (pencils, erasers, crayons) in 4 out of 5 opportunities as observed by teacher and teaching staff in three of four consecutive probes.

Discrimination Nature Or Nurture - 1399 Words

Discrimination: Nature or Nurture Felicia Turner Misericordia University Abstract Unfortunately discrimination is a part of every day life all around the world. The book The Boy in the Striped Pajamas proves that discrimination is not an innate behavior; rather it is a learned behavior. This means that when a child is born, he or she does not automatically discriminate against someone that is different from them. Children that are first born learning to walk and talk think everyone and everything else are equal. The term discrimination is a behavior that is acquired elsewhere after birth. To help put a stop to discrimination people need to research and receive more knowledge to prevent this from happening any longer. There are many different questions that come to mind while reading this book. These questions can range anywhere from how to stop discrimination to why did Hitler do the things he did. Even though all of these questions come to mind, only a few have the ability of being answered. The reason these questions cannot be answered is because there is no way of knowing why people do the things they do, because there is no technology advanced enough to read minds. The book The Boy in the Striped Pajamas is mainly about a young boy, with the name of Bruno. He was living in the duration of Nazi in Germany. Due to the fact he was quite young neither his parents nor the housekeepers would inform him on where they were relocating to or whyShow MoreRelatedEssay On Nature Vs Nurture992 Words   |  4 PagesJesyka Long Professor Tippin Comp 1 21 September 2017 Nature Versus Nurture Is cultural discrimination an inherent characteristic or is it cultivated by the world surrounding someone? The debate over nature versus nurture is a long and drawn out one with many different facets to such a complex issue. Scientists have gone back and forth over what characteristics are innate and what is learned, offering different perspectives on the subject, but it is still an ongoing discussion. It is believedRead MoreNature Vs Nurture Debate Essay965 Words   |  4 Pagesoldest arguments in the history of psychology is the Nature vs Nurture discussion. Both are legitimate and it is very hard to decide whether a person’s development is prone to his DNA or influenced by his life experience and environment. Presently, nature and nurture both play important role in human development. However what remains unknown is if human is developed solely because of nature or nurture. . As of now, we know that both nature and nurture play important roles in human development, but w eRead MoreEssay on Human Development: Nature vs. Nurture1393 Words   |  6 PagesThe nature versus nurture debate is an old issue within the field of psychology. â€Å"The nature-nurture issue is a perennial one that has resurfaced in current psychiatry as a series of debates on the role that genes (DNA) and environments play in the etiology and pathophysiology of mental disorders† (Schaffner) The debate is essentially about what is inherited (nature) and what is experienced by environmental factors (nurture) and how they affect human development. Naturally, the nature versusRead MoreThe Society Today, People Still Belittle Women And Treat Them Like Second Class Citizens1457 Words   |  6 Pagestransgenders, and woman. Even though some say we are moving into a post-feminism era, there is still much that needs to be addressed and changed. Things such as equal pay for equal work, workplace discrimination, and male generic language are some problems just to name a few. According to Gendered Lives, â€Å"sex discrimination is no longer a problem in the workplace, but they can’t explain why women earn less than men for equivalent jobs† (2011). In addition, popular politicians such as Barbara Boxer and HillaryRead MoreSexuality, Gender, Masculinity, And Sexual Orientation991 Words   |  4 PagesNagoshi et. al, â€Å"Does Nature Rule? A Sex Reassignment Tragedy † by Lindsey, and â€Å"‘I Always Felt I Had to Prove My Manhood’: Homosexuality, Masculinity, Gender Role Strain, and HIV Risk Among Young Black Men Who Have Sex With Men† by Fields, sexuality is often strongly associated to gender identity, which is in turn influenced by behavioral gender roles due to gender socialization. From the gendering of sexuality comes various other social issues, including the discrimination against people in theRead MoreThe Importance of Nature and Nurture Essay1036 Words   |  5 Pages The nature versus nurture debate has lasted centuries due to the difficulty of separating genetic and environmental factors in humans. Studies on behavioral genetics measure similarity between subjects, but cannot locate its origin. For this, a control must be present, leading scientists to twin research. Identical twins have the exact same DNA, differing from fraternal twins with only 50% similarity, no greater than average siblings. Identical twins offer a natural experiment that allows researchersRead More The Never-ending Story: Sexual Orientation and Genetics Essay1065 Words   |  5 PagesThe Never-ending Story: Sexual Orientation and Genetics It is my observation that the average person gains insight into the nature vs. nurture debate when some particular human trait that is politically or socially volatile at the time is announced as having a specific genetic origin. This observation was confirmed when, in surfing the web, I came across an article entitled, Female Inner Ear Comes Out of the Closet (1). While reporting on a study published by a UT psychology professor whoRead MoreDiversity Paper1117 Words   |  5 Pagesevident from the first meeting and allows opportunity for prejudice and discrimination. Some may hold negative views of an older individual especially in their hiring practices. As a result of these negative views The Age Discrimination in Employment Act of 1967 was created. The act made it unlawful to deny employment, assignments or benefits to an individual solely due to their age. While it may be thought that this discrimination applied only to the elderly, it also applies to individuals that mayRe ad MoreNature vs. Nurture in Mary Shelleys Frankenstein1247 Words   |  5 Pagesdevelopment, and deeds. As crucial as canvas in art, the philosophy of nature and nurture come together as the fundamental structure to one’s personality and genetic makeup. In the novella, Frankenstein, by Mary Shelley, the association of the exterior appearance and inner feelings are openly linked. The hideous creature that the science addict, Victor Frankenstein, makes is initially innocent yet severely deformed. His nature is to be benevolent and sympathetic, however, society only views his externalRead MoreChild Prostitution And The Exploitation Of Children Essay1427 Words   |  6 Pagesforeign problem.† I chose this topic because this is a problem that everyone avoids in conversation. Domestic abuse, third world poverty and gender roles, same-sex relationships, teen pregnancy, rates of drug usage, police misconduct, racial discrimination are all very publicly discussed topics. Child prostitution is a very known, but unspoken problem the world is facing. I believe that child prostitution needs to be just publicly known as poverty, drugs, police brutality, etc. The main focus of

The Lottery, by Shirley Jackson and Eudora Welty’s A Worn...

In literature there are many different critical views, in which all of them have very distinctive ideas and beliefs. The value of these critical views is decided by the reader and may be different to each one. When a reader approaches a work of literature they bring their own views and experiences with them, so each reader will read each story differently. And even the same reader will never read the same story the same way twice due to things that may have changed in his or her life. In Shirley Jackson’s â€Å"The Lottery† (509-15) and Eudora Welty’s â€Å"A Worn Path† (568-74) one reader my feel sympathy while another does not fill anything. So what is the â€Å"correct† response to these stories? In â€Å"The Lottery† the author uses many†¦show more content†¦The next character would be Mr. Graves which one can blatantly see the ominous mean of death and the dead being bared in a grave. Then Old Man Warner which on a first r eading one may not see because it’s not so much a double meaning as it is a play on words, warn-er. In which one could gather that since he is the oldest man in the town he has been there for a long time and could warn the other of â€Å"The Lottery†. After that is Mrs. Delacroix which could also be a hard one to catch but the literal translation in French to de-la-Croix is of the cross. So when a reader sees all of this on their subsequent readings one would see from the introduction of all of the characters that there is a somber warning (lively men die without warning by crucifixion) for Tessie Hutchinson; who shows up late and says that she â€Å"Clean forgot what day it was,† (Jackson 511) showing that she is a free spirit. This makes her stand out in the story letting the reader know the warning is for her. Then last but not least there is Mrs. Dunbar who had to draw for her husband because he had a broken leg and ever since the early days of sacrifici al killings they have never offered someone or something with broken bones because it would not please the gods and after all that was the whole point of the killing. Eudora Welty also uses a lot of themes and symbols to help readers connect to her stories. In her story titled â€Å"A Worn Path† she uses a number of situations whereShow MoreRelatedSymbolism : A Warn Path, And Shirley Jackson s `` The Lottery ``1636 Words   |  7 PagesSymbolism has been used for hundreds of years it has been used to help writers express different elements of their work. Katherine Mansfield the author of â€Å"Miss Brill,† Eudora Welty author of the short story â€Å"A Warn Path,† and Shirley Jackson author of â€Å"The Lottery† all use symbolism wonderfully in their work. They all use symbolism in a different way but they all use this process to help describe a deeper thought or meaning behind elements of their work. Symbolism is putting a symbolic meaning behind

Companies and Partnership Law-Free-Samples-Myassignmenthelp.com

Questions: 1.How can a Partnership arise by a Course of Conduct? 2.Outline the legal process with the Business names and determine if this name is acceptable 3.Describe the problem with the use of the Corporate lists? 4.Would the Corporate veil of Spectacular Pty Ltd be pierced to make Earl liable to pay damages to Golden Lights Pty Ltd? 5.What grounds could ASIC use? Answers: 1.Partnership The Partnership act 1963 defines the partnership legislation in Australia. Under this act the formation of partners has determine that more than two person can form the partnership agreement for running any business or any other purposes for gaining the profits (Thomson et al. 2014). The partnership act helps to form a relationship between the members of the company. Under the act the partners make the registration to running the business in partnership dealing (Coffee, Sale and Henderson 2015). The partners are willing to establish such repetitiveness of action for the benefits of the business. The partners are also shares the equal shares from the profits of the business. For every action by the partners or the partnership farms, all of the partners are liable for the acts. The partnership exists according to some of criteria which are: There should be a formation of a valid agreement between the partners who are forming the partnership. The partners are should carry a business by a single transaction and they will work as joint venture in the partnership business. The partners should have common features like their rights of transaction, mutual rights of monitoring the clients, control business deals and taking decisions regarding the partnership business. They also have common interest in the agencies, obligations and their profits. The partnership business has outcomes are depends on their profits where they can share their profits equally or according to their partnership business. There are some exceptions also. In the sectors like churches or the sporting club the partners are not able to share their profits equally and according to the different jurisdiction their profits and activities will vary. The partners can dissolute the partnership as per the activity of the partners. Either they dissolute the partnership mutually or they mutually agree to termination of the partners for different circumstances of the partners. The partners have the right to continue the partnership by the limited liability of the partnership. Therefore according to the partnership act the partners will run their business with the common intention where they can determine their common acts and profits from the business (Thomson et al. 2014). The members of the partnership must act trust each other and not involved with the illegal activities. If any illegal or mislead conducts has occur then other partners can terminate the partner or in some cases they can dissolve the partnership also. By the advantages of the partnership is that the entity of the business operating is easier than the single business transaction. The income tax operation is quite beneficial for the partners who are paying the taxes (Coffee, Sale and Henderson 2015). 2.According to the case study, Earl is wanted to start a business where she wants to attach the business name which is Spekkie Events along with Spectacular Pty Ltd. Therefore as being a sole trader of the business, he needs to register the business name under the ASIC registration. The business name never used the name of the sole trader. A particular business name is required. The legal name will e connected with legal contracts, property leases and employment contracts. The business name is completely different from the legal name which should register under the Australian Securities and Investments Commission (ASIC) (Potts and Nazarian 2015). Therefore the sole trader will first check the name availability on the ASIC search websites. Then the name will be registered online process. The business registration also includes legal and tax formalities (Potts and Nazarian 2015). The debt of the business incurs also part of the registration of the business name. There is no difference between a business name and a trading name because both of them can use for running the business (Wilson 2016). Business name helps to the customer to find the business operator. A business proprietor can use multiple names for the business but when the trader wants to use the name in legal documents then they should register the name under the Australian Securities and Investments Commission (ASIC). The multiple business names will be linked to the Australian Business Number (ABN). 3.According to the common business law the basic fundaments is the privacy act. According to this act the person or director or employees never disclose the company personal information or procedure where it is entitled to direct marketing purposes (Warren 2016). It is completely illegal to use someone property for own business purposes and if the company found that their personal information has been used without their knowledge and approval then the trader may face consequences (Potts and Nazarian 2015). According to the Australian Securities and Investments Commission (ASIC) never allow someone to disclose private information for their own benefits. Therefore, according to the case study, Earl is working under a company until 11 December which named Golden Lights Pty Ltd and from 12 December he will start his own business (Wilson 2016). Therefore he wants to use his previous company clients contacts which are completely illegal for the sole trader to run their business (Potts and Nazarian 2015). If the Golden Lights Pty Ltd has found that their old employee is using their client contract for his own benefits then he may face legal obstacle for the illegal activities. According to the business code of conducts it is illegal to disclose the private information of the business organization or use for their own profit then that person is breaches the duties and involved in the illegal activities. Therefore if Earl use the customers of Golden lights Private Limited for his business and earn profit then it will be an illegal act according to the common law of trade. 4.Corporate veil is a legal concept where the Corporation separated from the shareholders and protects them from any companys debts and other liabilities (Lo 2017). According to the courts decisions when it has been conducted that the companys business was not working or running according to the provisions of corporate legislation then it is the duty of the shareholders that they will keep their duties for lifting the corporate veil. When the courts has found that any corporate veil has not processed due to some fraud then court will never allow the veils (Wilson 2016). In the case of Gilford motor company ltd v. Horne and Jones v. Lipman, it has been found that Court view the trial where it has been found that the allegations are incorporating with the perpetrate for and the corporate veil has not need to applied (Lo 2017). Therefore according to the case study if it has been found by the court that he is using the contacts of Golden lights Private Limited for his own company benefits then it will affect his new business and he will be sued for being a fraud. It is an illegal activity for a sole trader (Warren 2016). 5.According to the case study Spectacular Pty Ltd process his business into different names where he also using the customers of his previous workplace. He may face several consequences for using the corporate veil because he is liable for the damages of Golden lights Private Limited. Now Australian securities and Investments Commission (ASIC) will investigate the issues (Asic.gov.au, 2017). They have rights to investigate on financial system and dealing with fraud. First Australian securities and Investments Commission (ASIC) will investigate about the complaints of Golden Lights Private Limited then it will work according to their investigation process. Then they can verify and approval of the products and services of Spectacular Pty Ltd. Then they will monitor all the entities and management from where the misconducts have been processed. They also supervise the detection and detergents of misconduct. Australian securities and Investments Commission (ASIC) also look for the financ ial services licensee and auditors report of the business and they make it (Asic.gov.au, 2017) sure that the consumer and investors get to know about the frauds by the Spectacular Pty Ltd. If it has found that Earl has make the frauds then they will make it sure the prevention of the fraud where first they will identify the misconducts and behaviors then they it makes sure that the frauds has been removed and they also warn The Spectacular Pty Ltd about their frauds and not engaged again with same misconducts. Finally they will process the legal works and make it sure that Golden Lights Pty Ltd can get the compensation for their damage (Asic.gov.au, 2017). References Asic.gov.au. (2017). How ASIC deals with reports of misconduct | ASIC - Australian Securities and Investments Commission. [online] Available at: https://asic.gov.au/about-asic/contact-us/how-to-complain/how-asic-deals-with-reports-of-misconduct/ [Accessed 25 Aug. 2017]. Coffee Jr, J.C., Sale, H. and Henderson, M.T., 2015. Securities regulation: Cases and materials. Gilford motor company ltd v. Horne and Jones v. Lipman Gitman, L.J., Juchau, R. and Flanagan, J., 2015. Principles of managerial finance. Pearson Higher Education AU. Hoye, R., Smith, A.C., Nicholson, M. and Stewart, B., 2015. Sport management: principles and applications. Routledge. Lo, S.H., 2017. Piercing of the corporate veil for evasion of tort obligations. Common Law World Review, 46(1), pp.42-60. McQueen, R., 2016. A Social History of Company Law: Great Britain and the Australian Colonies 18541920. Routledge. Potts, C. and Nazarian, A., 2015. Small businesses and graduate recruitment in Australia and the United Kingdom. International Journal of Business and Social Science, 6(8), pp.61-69. Thomson, E., Lappegrd, T., Carlson, M., Evans, A. and Gray, E., 2014. Childbearing across partnerships in Australia, the United States, Norway, and Sweden. Demography, 51(2), pp.485-508. Warren, M., 2016. Corporate structures, the veil and the role of the courts.Melb. UL Rev.,40, p.657. Wilson, G., 2016. The search for a principled approach to lifting the corporate veil: a Polanyian perspective to a Quixotic quest.

About the International Trade Policy of China free essay sample

In the face of the trade protectionism attack countries for Chinese enterprises, China must develop a correct and effective international trade policy, in order to maintain the placement of Chinese enterprises, industries, economy. Keywords: China; international trade; policy 1. 0 China faces the competitive environment of international trade 1. 1 International market and its institutional environment is quite grim. With Chinas accession to the WTFO, China will be faced with the challenge of all- round, mufti-level, the first is the establishment of an open economy.Unlike Saiss Four Little Dragons can not be a one-way directly to the international market forward, can only enter the gradual opening up of the domestic market, while the broad international market. The same time, China had fully accepted the WTFO and developed a series of international trade regimes, guidelines, although these systems, not entirely reasonable guidelines for developing countries like China. 1. 2 Trade protectionism is showing a new form. We will write a custom essay sample on About the International Trade Policy of China or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Todays international economy, while continuously advancing wave of trade liberalizing, trade protectionism emerged in various new face.Between the start of the competition between the countries with the enterprise, competition between industries combined, so that the pattern of international competition becomes intensified. Emerging trade protectionism s often the name of the protection of the living environment and human health, protect the global common interests banner, take advantage of the economic gap between the developing countries with the developed countries on the development of China plus a disguised form of trade protection policy.For these new protection policy, which most applicable is technical barriers and green barriers green barriers in developed countries the heavy impact of Chinas merchandise exports largely affect Chinas domestic export enterprises, the impact no less than the impact of the anti-dumping cases. 1. 3 The trend Of the new economy presents new opportunities and challenges. The development of information technology so that the world economy showing a new trend, which has brought new opportunities for Chinas economic development, but also brought new challenges.The new opportunities mainly in the developed countries, state- of-the-art technology, equipment flows provide the technology and back-up resources for the establishment of modern enterprise. New economic operation and management mechanisms through the establishment and development of the network industry, established Chinese companies can take advantage of information technology to the development of information- intensive industries, or the development of the information on a capital- intensive products and information a labor intensive type products, in order to develop a new market demands.We can also make use of the mechanism of the international division of labor, the development of new export-oriented industries, participation in international and regional division of labor, and thus the formation of a new economic growth point. But once China did not seize this opportunity, it will make the Chinese economy in a very unfavorable situation in the new international division of labor system. . 4 State intervention with the simultaneous development of a free trade. In the context of economic globalization, trade liberalizing continued rapid development of the world showing the formulation of international trade policy liberalizing trend of development, the adjustable limit free trade policy at this time has become the mainstream.But at the same time, the major countries of the world (especially American and European countries), the government increasingly involved in international trade, either public or secret protectionist trade policies, so as to achieve the purpose of support and protect domestic enterprises . Game of governments around the world in international trade has become an important component part of modern international relations. 1. 5 The competitive structure of the foreign trade enterprises to undergo significant changes. The 21st century, the prevalence Of the trend Of international mergers and acquisitions, the formation of the new oligarchic economy many industries are beginning to not perfectly competitive market, the global strategic vision of the national large-scale enterprise highlights. But now, the relationship of the Chinese enterprises and foreign multinational companies are still in the competition for the operation of the Chinese market stage.Multinationals continue in China large-scale, systematic investment, China has become a part of their global strategic thinking, the domestic market with the international market closely combine to make domestic and international competition and international competition in the domestic synchronous development, thus contributing to Chinas economy more quickly integrated into the development process of economic globalization, Chinas foreign trade enterprises are facing extremely harsh environment of international competition.At the same time, the eco nomic interest in a wide range Of development and policy coordination capacity defeat also intensified competition in international trade between Chinas foreign trade enterprises and regions, domestic enterprises is very difficult to achieve unanimously. Moreover, the Chinese industry merging the ongoing restructuring of the trade structure as well as the diversification of the structure of interest, resulting in the combination between Chinese and foreign enterprises and mutual penetration of mutual control, asked, friend and foe hard to make Chinese and foreign enterprises. . 0 Chinas international trade policy options . 1 Promote the liberalizing of international trade under WTFO regime. The China WTFO members, Chinas trade policy must be based on open WTFO free trade system, must be determined by the WTFO principles, rules promote the liberalizing of international trade. In general, the guidelines developed by the WTFO on trade policies and trade practices, norms advocated trade liberalizing gradually.Their performance in the following aspects: (l) on the basis of the market economy and open trade system. (2) the establishment and maintenance of a fair trade environment. (3) to take a standardized and transparent trade adjustment policies. 4) allows the economy outside the WTFO trade policy rules the event. In actual trade exchanges, transactions and part of trade policy and WTFO principle conflict contrary happens is also inclusive.These policies: the international balance of payments, imports damage defense measures, regional economic integration, infant industry protection, and developing countries policies. Under the rules of the WTFO trade policy, Chinas trade policy choices embodied in promoting the liberalizing of international trade trends and the use of WTFO protection measures on the domestic market, industry, enterprise, appropriate the necessary protection. . Based on the development status of the countrys trade legal system to develop according to their own interests. The economic strength of the different countries is very different, and thus taken on his trade policy is not the same. Either in the past or in the WTFO framework, the nature of international trade policy are protective, and more systematic protection under the WTFO framework, offensive, legitimacy, and diff icult to deal with. After Chinas accession to the WTFO, must develop a set of beneficial trade legal system in line with Chinas national conditions of Chinas interests, to protect their own markets and businesses; Second, the mommies industry in the interests of the industry after Chinas accession to the WTFO allocation conflict, therefore, must safeguard the interests of various classes and social strata coordinate to promote the stable development of society, must be developed in order to solve this problem, the administrative laws and regulations related measures. 2. To build Chinas non-tariff barriers to protect the system. WTFO advocate trade liberalizing process, the use of non-tariff barriers made many prohibitive provisions. But its mode of thinking with rules and norms to eliminate barriers to trade, but at the same mime it rules, norms allow reasonable protection of trade. These means of protection measures is mainly non;tariff barriers. Such as anti-dumping and quarantine measures, technical standards, environmental standards and so on. Many countries, especially in Western developed countries attach great importance to the application of Nan-tariff measures.Therefore, China should also be within the WTFO framework, the clever use of these international trade protection mesas rest, to build a system of tariffs, non-tariff protection. (1 ) to strengthen the protection of non-tariff barriers. Want protection system of on-tariff barriers, according to international practice and the needs of the development of Chinas economic and trade structure, characteristics, and the introduction of timing, and cooperate with each other as well as transparency, to conduct a comprehensive, in-depth research.In particular, to strengthen the environmental protection measures, the establishment and implementation of the technical standards of safety standards, strictly prevent foreign substandard products contaminated products to enter China in any form. (2) to strengthen the accord nation and cooperation measures f non-tariff barriers and tariff barriers. With the decline in tariff rates, the growing role of non-tariff barriers.

Free Essays on Catch 22

When Heller began his writing career in the late 1940s, he turned his back on traditional methods of story telling. He seemed to resent the "realism" of the conventional mode of fiction with its rational structure, its assumptions of continuity in plot, situation, and character, and its neat attempts to draw well-defined resolutions. His own experience as an airman in World War II caused him to distrust the cause-and effect relation of surface reality as something merely superficial which captured only outer reality. So in his fiction, Heller developed a structure and style that suited the absurdities in public and private life that he observed around him. The dislocation of episodic continuity serves a dual purpose. Some of the events are juxtaposed not on the basis of chronology but randomly so as to highlight their inter-relationship and to emphasize certain ironic contrasts. Besides, the episodes of the novel are so structured as to create a gradually increasing tension through the sinister events represented in them. Heller gives us several accounts, scattered over various chapters, of the catastrophic events in Yossarian’s plane leading up to a death. Each attempt at narrating the gory details serves to intensify the traumatic impact it has on the morale and psyche of Yossarian. The overall time structure of the novel does acquire some chronological continuity through the intermittent repetition of certain crucial incidents. Recurrent references include the monumental growth of Minderbinder’s black-market operations, the death of Snowden; Cathcart’s rising of the number of missions, and Orr’s repeated ditching of his planes at sea. Catch-22 depicts the absurdities and excesses of life in wartime conditions; on the other hand, it castigates the insanity and inhumanity of bureaucratic systems both in wartime and in peace. It is not surprising, then that the postwar generation of the 1950s and 1960s identi... Free Essays on Catch 22 Free Essays on Catch 22 When Heller began his writing career in the late 1940s, he turned his back on traditional methods of story telling. He seemed to resent the "realism" of the conventional mode of fiction with its rational structure, its assumptions of continuity in plot, situation, and character, and its neat attempts to draw well-defined resolutions. His own experience as an airman in World War II caused him to distrust the cause-and effect relation of surface reality as something merely superficial which captured only outer reality. So in his fiction, Heller developed a structure and style that suited the absurdities in public and private life that he observed around him. The dislocation of episodic continuity serves a dual purpose. Some of the events are juxtaposed not on the basis of chronology but randomly so as to highlight their inter-relationship and to emphasize certain ironic contrasts. Besides, the episodes of the novel are so structured as to create a gradually increasing tension through the sinister events represented in them. Heller gives us several accounts, scattered over various chapters, of the catastrophic events in Yossarian’s plane leading up to a death. Each attempt at narrating the gory details serves to intensify the traumatic impact it has on the morale and psyche of Yossarian. The overall time structure of the novel does acquire some chronological continuity through the intermittent repetition of certain crucial incidents. Recurrent references include the monumental growth of Minderbinder’s black-market operations, the death of Snowden; Cathcart’s rising of the number of missions, and Orr’s repeated ditching of his planes at sea. Catch-22 depicts the absurdities and excesses of life in wartime conditions; on the other hand, it castigates the insanity and inhumanity of bureaucratic systems both in wartime and in peace. It is not surprising, then that the postwar generation of the 1950s and 1960s identi...

Please briefly elaborate on one of your extracurricular activities or Essay - 2

Please briefly elaborate on one of your extracurricular activities or work experiences in the space below (1000 character maximum) - Essay Example Initially, I was afraid that using the video editor software can become difficult for me as I had no prior experience of using it. However, this feeling quickly went away just when we performed the first scene. I felt as if I had worked with the software before because everything came to me very easily and quickly. In the end, I would say that the project not only introduced me to a potential field of work but also helped me develop an interesting hobby. Video games are not only a form of entertainment for me but also a rite of passage of sorts. One Saturday afternoon, when my friends and I were playing a computer game called Minecraft, we thought to create our own private server where we could have an entire world for us to play around in. This new and exciting idea became a passion for us as we started creating new worlds with marvelous new features. The idea had its fair share of challenges. For example, there were a number of coding errors to be fixed in the server software. After 6 hours of hard work and determination, my friends and I made the best server possible. Now, my friends and I play on our server with no coding issue. What started as nothing more than an idea for us has became a reality and it all has happened due to our understanding of modern technology, imagination, and an appreciation of software and its endless majesty. In the end, I would say that private server creation has become a hobby of mine and I have bec ome expert in creating efficient servers with innovative

Treatment & Characters' Back stories + Film Script Essay

Treatment & Characters' Back stories + Film Script - Essay Example Ashraf and Laila are more than siblings, they are best of friends since early childhood and now they only have each other. Rubina has kept her distance and cut all communication with the siblings since the ordeal but Ashraf maintains that the rape story is all but a hoax and pleads innocent to Rubina’s allegation. Since Ashraf and Rubina’s break up almost a year ago, things have not been normal between the two siblings. Ashraf has retracted back to his old gambling and drug addiction days and recently lost his job at a reputable firm in town. Rubina has lost confidence in his brother and really doubts she did the right thing by siding with her brother rather than her best friend. Rubina and Basil are actually married to each other. Eight months ago, Basil wed Rubina in a low profile civil marriage and ever since the two have been plotting a way to avenge the unfortunate ordeal that still taunts Rubina. Basil is acting as Laila’s fiancà © as a property developer. He currently needs a huge loan of a hundred million dollars to buy some real estate, flip it and sell it at an enormous profit to a Saudi prince. He is going to confront Laila and request for her assistance. Rubina is organizing for travel papers and logistics ready for their grand heist and escape this afternoon. She is to book flights to Nairobi under aliases. This will be their home from this day. Laila is waiting for Basil at her home, Ashraf is out on the lawn sipping his favorite cocktail under a sunscreen shade. Basil has told Laila he has something important to tell her and she is all anxious. Laila Shamila was born in Qatar and of a rich family. Sister to Ashraf Amir. Both parents died in an airplane crash when she was 22 years. The only family known to her is her sibling. She graduated from Uttar University and because of previous family connections landed a job as a bank manager a position esteemed and envied by many. She is smart and

Modern Portfolio Theory and Capital Asset Pricing Model

Modern Portfolio Theory and Capital Asset Pricing Model Introduction The Capital Asset Pricing Model developed by William Sharpe has significant similarities with Harry Markowitz’s Portfolio theory. In fact, the later is rightly considered as the next logical step from the latter, with both based on similar foundations. There are also differences in how each model/theory is calculated, pertaining to risk considerations. This paper’s main objective is to identify these differences while highlighting the similarities as well to put things into perspective. The report will open with an overview of Markowitz’s portfolio theory and explain it further by means of describing the efficient frontier, the Capital Market Line, risk free asset and the Market Portfolio. The report will then switch its attention to the Capital Asset Pricing Model and explain it further through the Security Market Line. The report will then close by outlining the differences between the two with a view of answering the main objective. What will come through in this report is that Markowitz’s portfolio theory uses standard deviation as its risk measure and takes into account all risk in an efficient portfolio, while the Capital Asset Pricing Model uses the beta co-efficient to measure risk and takes into account both efficient and non-efficient portfolios – further more it measures the risks of individual assets within the portfolio. Modern Portfolio Theory Modern Portfolio Theory (MPT) was introduced by Harry Markowitz, way back in 1952. At a high level it proposes how rational investors use diversification to optimise their investment portfolios and give guidance on pricing risky assets. MPT assumes that investors are risk averse, i.e. given two assets A and B offering the same expected return, investors will opt for asset A if it is less risky. In effect, an investor who expects higher returns would need to accept more risk. The expected trade-off between risk and return depends on the individual’s level of risk aversion. The implication of this is a rational investor (a risk averse investor) will not invest in a portfolio if another one exists offering a better risk-return profile (Fabozzi Markowitz, 2002). For any given level of risk, investors will opt for portfolios with higher expected returns instead of those with lower returns. Another assumption under MPT is that investors are only interested in the expected return and the volatility of an investment, as measured by the mean and standard deviation respectively. Investors do not consider any other characteristics, for example, charges. In effect, based on the assumptions above, investors are concerned about efficient portfolios. To explain portfolio theory further, let us consider the formula for the expected return and risk of a portfolio under MPT. Suppose two assets A and B formed a portfolio in proportion (X) each, the expected return for that portfolio would be: R(p) = X(a)R(a) + X(b)R(b), where: R(p) = expected returns from portfolio R(a) = expected returns from asset A R(b) = expected returns from asset B The standard deviation or risk of that portfolio would be: SD(p) = √(XÂ ²aSDÂ ²a + XÂ ²bSDÂ ²b + 2XaXbRSDaSDb), where: SD(p) = standard deviation of expected returns of portfolio SDa = standard deviation of expected returns of asset A SDb = standard deviation of expected returns of asset B R = correlation coefficient between the expected returns of the two assets The efficient frontier Under MPT, Markowitz examined the efficient frontier curve. The efficient frontier curve gives a graphic presentation of a set of portfolios that offer the maximum rate of return for any given level of risk (McLaney, 2006). According to Markowitz, an efficient investor will opt for an optimum portfolio along the curve, based on their level of risk aversion and their perception of the risk and return relationship (Fabozzi Markowitz, 2002). Figure 1: Efficient Frontier Source: www.riskglossary.com The curve in the diagram above illustrates the efficient frontier. Portfolios on the curve are efficient – i.e. they offer maximum expected returns for any given level of risk and minimum risk for any given level of expected returns. The shaded region represents the acceptable level of investments when risk is compared against returns. For every point on the shaded region, there will be at least one portfolio that can be constructed and has a risk and return corresponding to that point (www.riskglossary.com) As aforementioned, each portfolio on the efficient frontier curve will have a higher rate of return for the same or lower level of risk or lower risk for an equal or better rate of return when compared with portfolios not on the frontier. It is important to note that the efficient frontier is really made up of portfolios rather than individual assets. This is because portfolios could be diversified, i.e. investors can hold assets which are imperfectly correlated (Fabozzi Markowitz, 2002). This will help to ensure that investors can reduce their risks associated with individual asses by holding other assets – a kind of set-off. The Capital Market Line The Capital Market Line (CML) is a set of risk return combinations that are available by combining the market portfolio with risk free borrowing and lending (www.lse.co.uk/financeglossary). The CML defines the relationship between risk and return for efficient portfolios of risky securities. It specifies the efficient set of portfolios can investor can obtain by combining the portfolio (which contains risk) with a risk free asset. The formula for CML is: E (r_c) = r(f) + SD(c)*[E(r_m)-r(f)]/SD(m) Where: E(r_c) = expected return on portfolio c R(f) = risk free rate SD(c ) = standard deviation of portfolio c E (r_m) = expected return on market portfolio SD(m) = standard deviation of market return The CML indicates that the expected return of an efficient portfolio is equal to the risk-free rate plus a risk premium. Both risk and return increase in a linearly along the CML. Figure 2: Capital Market Line Source: www.riskglossary.com In Figure 2 above, the CML is the line touching the efficient frontier curve. It passes through the risk free rate (assumed to be 5%). The point where the CML forms a tangent with the efficient frontier curve is the point called the super-efficient portfolio. The Risk free asset, Sharpe ratio and the Market Portfolio The risk free asset pays a risk free rate and has a zero variance in returns, e.g. government short-term securities. When combined with a portfolio of assets the change in return and risk is linear. The Sharpe Ratio is a measure of the additional return to be obtained about a risk free rate for a given portfolio compared with its corresponding risk. On the efficient frontier the portfolio with the highest Sharpe Ratio is known as the market portfolio. The CML is the result of a comparison between the market portfolio and the risk free asset. The CML surpasses the efficient frontier with the exception of the point of tangency. The Capital Asset Pricing Model While the CML focuses on the risk and return relationship for efficient portfolios, it would be useful to consider the relationship between expected return and risk for individual assets or securities. The Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM) would be used for this. CAPM is an extension of Markowitz’s Portfolio Theory or MPT. It introduces the notions of systematic and specific risks. Let us define each: Systematic risk – this is the risk associated with holding the market portfolio of assets Individual assets are affected by market movements Specific risk – this risk is unique to an individual asset and represents that portion of an asset’s return which has no correlation with market movements. CAPM assumes the following (McLaney, 2006, 199): Investors are risk averse and maximise expected utility of wealth The capital market is not dominated by any individual investors Investors are interested in only two features of a security, its expected returns and its variance or standard deviation There exists a risk free rate at which all investors may borrow or lend without limit at the same rate There is an absence of dealing charges, taxes and other imperfections All investors have identical perceptions of each security This lends credence to the assertion that CAPM follows a natural progression from MPT. The assumptions are identical with the main difference being how risks are categorised and treated. This will be explored in detail in a later section. Under CAPM, the market place will compensate an investor for taking a systematic risk but not a specific risk. The rationale for this is that specific risks can be avoided or minimised through diversification. The formula for CAPM is as follows: r = Rf + Beta x (RM-RF), where: r = expected return on an asset Rf = rate of risk free investment RM = return rate of the appropriate asset class Beta is the relative risk contribution of an individual security to the overall market portfolio. It measures the security risk relative to the market portfolio and ignores the specific risk. The beta equation is as follows: Cov (i,M)/(SDm)Â ², where: Cov (i,M) = covariance between market portfolio and security i (SDm)Â ² = variance of the market’s return The betas for all assets are measured in relation to the market portfolio beta which is 1. In effect, if individual beta is greater than 1, then individual asset has a higher risk than the market risk. If individual beta equals 1, then individual asset risk and market risk are the same. If individual beta is less than 1, then the risk of that individual asset is less than the market risk. The value of beta provides an idea of the level or size of the change in an asset’s return when a corresponding change in the returns of an overall portfolio is experienced (McLaney, 2006). Beta has come under criticism from academics and investors who do not appreciate the value of beta as an appropriate risk measure. However, this is somewhat challenged by actual performance of the betas of portfolios and mutual funds. These are regarded as stable and can be used to predict future betas. Security Market Line CAPM can be applied by using the Security Market Line (SML). SML is a graphical representation showing the linear relationship between systematic risk and expected rates of return for individual assets. In the case of the SML, risk is measured by beta. It plots the expected returns on the y axis and the risk as denoted by beta on the x axis. In other words, the SML expresses the linear relationship between the expected returns on a risky asset and its covariance with market returns. Its formula is: Figure 3: CAPM and SML The line in the diagram above is the SML. Differences relating to MPT (CML) and CAPM (SML) To explain the differences, it is useful to consider the relationships between risk and return in the perspective of CML and SML. CML compares the relationship from an MPT perspective, while SML does from a CAPM perspective. The main difference pertaining to MPT’s relationship with CAPM is pertaining to risk. Under Portfolio theory, CML gives an indication of expected returns in comparison with risk. Here the risk is measured in terms of standard deviation of returns. The rationale for this is CML represents the trade-off for efficient portfolios, i.e. the risk is all systematic risk (McLaney, 2006). The SML on the other hand, indicates the risk/return trade-off, using beta as the measure of risk. In this case, only the systematic risk element of the individual asset is taken into consideration. The reason why CML shows no individual security’s risk profile is because all individual securities have an element of specific risk, implying that they are inefficient. CML only looks at efficient portfolios. The table below summarises the main differences between CML and SML Table 1: Tabular difference between CML and SML Summary As has been shown above, CAPM has been developed along the lines of Markowitz’s Portfolio theory. They both use expected returns and risk as the investor’s main determinant of their investment decisions. They both assume that investors are risk averse and do not consider anything else other than risk and returns. However, there are some subtle differences which will now be summarised below: Under Portfolio theory, the CML measures risk by standard deviation or total risk. The SML measures risk by beta or systematic risk under CAPM – it ignores specific risks The CML graph is interested in providing information on efficient portfolios only. The SML graph on the other hand provides insight into both efficient and non-efficient portfolio and securities REFERENCES AND BIBLIOGRAPHY Books Bodie, et al (2006) ‘Investments’ (7th edition), McGraw-Hill/Irwin, London Elton, E et al (2003) ‘Modern Portfolio Theory and Investment Analysis’, Wiley, London Fabozzi, F. Markowitz, H. (2002) ‘Theory and Practice of Investment Management’, Wiley, London McLaney, E. (2006) ‘Business Finance – Theory and Practice’ (7th edition), Prentice Hall, London O’neill, W.J. (2002) ‘How to Make Money in Stocks’, (3rd edition), McGraw-Hill, London Internet Sources www.lse.co.uk www.riskglossary.com www.wikipedia.com

Tess of the d’Urbervilles :: Literary Analysis, Thomas Hardy

In Thomas Hardy’s classic novel, Tess of the d’Urbervilles, there are many complex and intriguing characters that emerge from it. Two such characters are the two young men who tried to win Tess over, Alec d’Urberville and Angel Clare. These two characters are distinctly different from one another in many ways, but in other, more subtle ways, they possess some similarities. Their physical appearances are noticeably different though it is noted that they are both especially handsome young men. Alec has â€Å"touches of barbarism†(32) in his face while Angel’s has â€Å"grown more thoughtful† (112). They also seem to have the opposite colors of hair. Alec’s hair being â€Å"black† (35) while Angel has the â€Å"palest straw colour† that â€Å"deepens to a warm brown†(112). Furthermore, their mouths have variations as well. The â€Å"badly molded†, but â€Å"smooth†, â€Å"full†(35) lips of Alec are much different than the â€Å"small† and â€Å"delicately lined†(114) ones of Angel. Even more, their eyes are described with opposing adjectives. The difference in the Alec’s â€Å"bold rolling eye† and Angel’s â€Å"fixed, abstracted eyes†(114) are quite present. The variety in their faces are most definitely there. The descriptions of their general features relate to their actions. Alec is a womanizer who jumps from woman to woman without regard to their feelings, carelessly flinging around their hearts and virginity. Barbaric. His hair, the darkest possible color, can be associated to a dark personality related to sin and other negative aspects of life. His mouth, which is shaped roughly, like his actions and character, can sometimes be overlooked because of the smoothness of them. Like the smooth trait of his lips, Alec can use trickery to disguise his real motives with people, which include his us of sly words. He certainly has a bold personality, like his eyes, having the audacity to steal a â€Å"cursory kiss†(70) from Tess when he can. The rolling part of his eyes can be taken literally. Because he cannot keep his eyes still, his eyes are forever roaming. It shows his unwillingness to commit to one woman because they are always wondering to others. Angel who is described with reserved, quieter adjectives, is in fact more so Alec. His reservedness often leads many women to fall for his as well because humans, for the most part, naturally want what they cannot have. And Angel who is â€Å"too much taken up with’ his own thoughts to notice girls†(113) fills these requirements.

Elie Wiesel Quotes Essay

The opposite of love is not hate, it’s indifference. The opposite of art is not ugliness, it’s indifference. The opposite of faith is not heresy, it’s indifference. And the opposite of life is not death, it’s indifference.† ― Elie Wiesel â€Å"There may be times when we are powerless to prevent injustice, but there must never be a time when we fail to protest.† ― Elie Wiesel â€Å"Friendship marks a life even more deeply than love. Love risks degenerating into obsession, friendship is never anything but sharing.† ― Elie Wiesel â€Å"We must always take sides. Neutrality helps the oppressor, never the victim. Silence encourages the tormentor, never the tormented.† ― Elie Wiesel â€Å"To forget the dead would be akin to killing them a second time.† ― Elie Wiesel, Night â€Å"When a person doesn’t have gratitude, something is missing in his or her humanity. A person can almost be def ined by his or her attitude toward gratitude.† ― Elie Wiesel â€Å"There is divine beauty in learning†¦ To learn means to accept the postulate that life did not begin at my birth. Others have been here before me, and I walk in their footsteps. The books I have read were composed by generations of fathers and sons, mothers and daughters, teachers and disciples. I am the sum total of their experiences, their quests. And so are you.† ― Elie Wiesel â€Å"Human suffering anywhere concerns men and women everywhere.† ― Elie Wiesel, Night â€Å"For the dead and the living, we must bear witness.† ― Elie Wiesel â€Å"Never shall I forget that night, the first night in camp, which has turned my life into one long night, seven times cursed and seven times sealed†¦.Never shall I forget those moments which murdered my God and my soul and turned my dreams to dust. Never shall I forget these things, even if I am condemned to live as long as God Himself. Never.† ― Elie Wiesel, Night â€Å"One person of integrity can make a difference.† ― Elie Wiesel â€Å"If the only prayer you say throughout your life is â€Å"Thank You,† then that will be enough.† ― Elie Wiesel â€Å"Only the guilty are guilty. Their children are not.† ― Elie Wiesel â€Å"Write only if you cannot live without writing. Write only what you alone can write.† ― Elie Wiesel â€Å"Which is worse? Killing with hate or killing without hate?† ― Elie Wiesel â€Å"I pray to the God within me that He will give me the strength to ask Him the right questions.† ― Elie Wiesel, Night â€Å"I swore never to be silent whenever and wherever human beings endure suffering and humiliation. We must always take sides.† ― Elie Wiesel â€Å"Wherever men and women are persecuted because of their race, religion, or political views, that place must — at that moment — become the center of the universe.† ― Elie Wiesel â€Å"No human race is superior; no religious faith is inferior. All collective judgments are wrong. Only raci sts make them† ― Elie Wiesel â€Å"Then came the march past the victims. The two men were no longer alive. Their tongues were hanging out, swollen and bluish. But the third rope was still moving: the child, too light, was still breathing†¦ And so he remained for more than half an hour, lingering between life and death, writhing before our eyes. And we were forced to look at him at close range. He was still alive when I passed him. His tongue was still red, his eyes not yet extinguished. Behind me, I heard the same man asking: â€Å"For God’s sake, where is God?† And from within me, I heard a voice answer: â€Å"Where He is? This is where–hanging here from this gallows†¦Ã¢â‚¬  That night, the soup tasted of corpses.† ― Elie Wiesel, Night â€Å"For in the end, it is all about memory, its sources and its magnitude, and, of course, its consequences.† ― Elie Wiesel, Night â€Å"Think higher, feel deeper.† ― Elie Wiesel â€Å"There are victories of the soul and spirit. Sometimes, even if you lose, you win. † ― Elie Wiesel â€Å"We must take sides. Neutrality helps the oppressor, never the victim. Silence encourages the tormentor, never the tormented. Sometimes we must interfere. When human lives are endangered, when human dignity is in jeopardy, national borders and sensitivities become irrelevant. Wherever men and women are persecuted because of their race, religion, or political views, that place must – at that moment – become the center of the universe.† ― Elie Wiesel, The Night Trilogy: Night/Dawn/The Accident â€Å"I shall always remember that smile. From what world did it come from?† ― Elie Wiesel, Night â€Å"For the survivor who chooses to testify, it is clear: his duty is to bear witness for the dead and for the living. He has no right to deprive future generations of a past that belongs to our collective memory. To forget would be no t only dangerous but offensive; to forget the dead would be akin to killing them a second time.† ― Elie Wiesel, Night â€Å"I don’t want my past to become anyone else’s future.† ― Elie Wiesel â€Å"We must not see any person as an abstraction. Instead, we must see in every person a universe with its own secrets, with its own treasures, with its own sources of anguish, and with some measure of triumph.† ― Elie Wiesel â€Å"Most people think that shadows follow, precede or surround beings or objects. The truth is that they also surround words, ideas, desires, deeds, impulses and memories.† ― Elie Wiesel â€Å"Night is purer than day; it is better for thinking and loving and dreaming. At night everything is more intense, more true. The echo of words that have been spoken during the day takes on a new and deeper meaning. The tragedy of man is that he doesn’t know how to distinguish between day and night. He says things at night that should only be said by day.† ― Elie Wiesel, Dawn

Smoking Is A Well Known Habit - 1354 Words

Smoking is a well known habit. Many people smoke despite its obvious and widely advertised deleterious effects on health. Smoking is not only bad for the immediate users, but also the people surrounding them. It is an addiction that can effect others without their consent. Not only is it unhealthy physically but also a very expensive habit. It costs millions a year, and that is just to buy enough cigarettes to satisfy your addiction, not counting the cost of medical care needed, renovations of homes that smoking has ruined, and more problems branching from smoking. Having restrictions on smoking would not only benefit the individual smoker, but also people around them. Some may argue that its just a harmless habit and that putting a†¦show more content†¦Some

Anabolic Steroids - Performance Enhancing Drugs

Anabolic steroids are a class of steroid hormones based on the androgen testosterone. Anabolic steroids are also known as anabolic-androgenic steroids or AAS or performance-enhancing drugs. What Do Anabolic Steroids Do? Anabolic steroids increase the rate of protein synthesis within cells. The building of cellular tissue (anabolism) is especially noticeable in muscles. Anabolic steroids also have androgenic and virilizing effects. They influence masculine characteristics such as the growth of the vocal cords and body hair. How Are Anabolic Steroids Used as Drugs? Anabolic steroids have been attractive to athletes and bodybuilders because they increase the size and strength of muscles. They also increase aggressiveness and competitiveness, which can be desirable traits in sports. Anabolic steroids may be prescribed to promote appetite, stimulate bone growth, induce male puberty, to lessen the effects of muscle wasting from chronic diseases, such as cancer or AIDS, and may show promise as a male contraceptive. The drugs are available as oral pills, injectable steroids, and skin patches. How Do Anabolic Steroids Work? Anabolic steroids change muscle mass and strength by two processes. First, the steroids lead to an increased production of proteins, which are the building blocks of muscle. The steroids also block the effect of the hormone cortisol on muscle tissue, so that existing muscle is broken down at a slower rate. Additionally, anabolic steroids lead to cells differentiating into muscle more readily than fat. What Are the Risks of Using Anabolic Steroids? In addition to increasing muscle strength and mass, the effects of taking anabolic steroids include harmful changes in cholesterol levels, high blood pressure, acne, liver damage, and changes to the structure of the left ventricle of the heart. Anabolic steroids have an androgenic or virilizing effect, meaning they affect male characteristics. Anabolic steroids affect the onset of puberty, the growth of the clitoris in females and the penis in male children (does not affect the size of the penis in adults), increased the size of the vocal chords and deepening of the voice, increased body hair, and premature baldness in people predisposed to it. Another side effect is decreased fertility and testicular atrophy. Why Are Anabolic Steroids Dangerous for Teens? Many of the side effects of taking performance-enhancing drugs can be countered by combining them with other drugs and exercise and are somewhat reversible in adults. However, anabolic steroid use can have permanent negative consequences if used by adolescents. One side effect can be the early onset of puberty. More significantly, the drugs can stunt growth by prematurely stopping the lengthening of the bones.

Team Building - 1557 Words

Team Building Team building refers to the process of establishing and developing a greater sense of collaboration and trust between team members (Wikipedia, 2007). Interactive exercises, team assessments, and group discussions enable groups to cultivate this greater sense of teamwork. Team building is used in many contexts, for example in sport and work organizations. Need for Team Building Modern society and culture continues to become more fluid and dynamic. The effect of this environment is that individuals are now required to work with many different groups of people in their professional as well as personal lives. Joining a new group and immediately being expected to get along with them is somewhat unnatural - historically humans†¦show more content†¦Each member should be assigned a role that is clearly defined and relates to his or her personality. Clearly defining the roles to the team members helps to make the assignments more straightforward, assist in understanding the Team Building 5 decision-making process, and assure the task will be completed. It is important to clarify the team members roles at the first meeting so members know exactly what they have to do. Making a list of everyones skill sets, preference, work experience, and interests would help in assigning the roles. From this list it should be determined who is best suited for what role. If there is conflict in the process, team members can always share the responsibilities. Otherwise the leader can draw names out of a hat to decide who gets what role. However, participants may not have an interest in the role that they were unwillingly assigned to. A serious problem that may occur is that a specific role may have too little or too much work, which may cause resentment between the members. Productivity may also be lost. 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Strategic Management in Oil and Gas Firms

Questions: As the search for rare resources becomes increasingly risky and expensive oil and gas firms have to use different strategies to maintain their place in a competitive sector. 2013 saw a continuation of the growing joint venture trend between NOCs and IOCs for international exploration (Global Oil and Gas Transactions Review 2013, EY Review, 2013)You have been tasked with evaluating a joint venture in the energy sector. In this concisely written report you are required to provide specific information and analysis about the chosen joint venture.The report should be done so in the following way:Introduce your report and provide specific reasons as to why you have chosen this particular joint venture to analyse (20 marks)Critically analyse the drivers for, benefits of, and potential issues with, the joint venture.Provide two key recommendations for the firms who are involved in this joint venture and rank these in order. Give reasons for your rankings Answers: Introduction Oil and gas organizations focusing on adoption of different strategies as exploration of scarce resources are becoming increasingly risk as well as expensive. In order to maintain a competitive position in the oil and has sector, joint venture is considered to be an effective strategy for international exploration. The economy of Russia is significantly dependent on the oil and gas sector. According to U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA) (2015), it is the second largest producer of dry natural gas of the world. It is the third largest fuel producer of liquid fuel. It has been estimated than the revenue generated from hydrocarbon, oil and gas contributes more than 50% of the federal budget revenue in Russia (U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA), 2015). British Petroleum (BP) is one of the leading oil and gas organization of the world (Bp.com, 2015). Since 1990s, BP has been operating in Russia for enhancing international exploration activities. Joint ventures assist t he partners with distinct strength and capabilities in achieving a mutual goal through bringing the partners together. BP had entered in the Russian oil and gas market for capturing significant market share and enhancing their production. In 203, BP embarked into a 50-50 joint venture with Tyumen Oil Company (TNK) in Russia. This paper will focus on analyzing the joint venture by identification of the key drivers of this joint venture, major benefits of this venture and discussion of the potential issues in this case. At the end of the study some recommendations have been provided which can assist the partners in resolving the major issue for maximizing the synergy of joint venture (Ekin and King, 2009). Discussion This section will focus on identification of the major reasons and objectives behind the joint venture of BP and TNK in Russia. Joint ventures are one of the most significant and effective way of entering to the international market. Moreover, the major advantages obtained from this joint venture will be included in this section. Additionally, the potential issues confronted by the BP TNK joint venture will be discussed. Drivers of Joint Venture In 2003, BP entered into a formal contract by signing an agreement for investing 6.15 billion USD in a joint venture for producing oil and gas in Russia (KISHKOVSKY, 2015). BP is the third largest company in the international oil and gas sector and adopted joint venture as business expansion strategy (Zahra, Ireland and Hitt, 2000). The joint venture of BP with TNK has been approved by the Russian government. The deal focused on creating a new oil producer and becoming the largest multi-national company in Russia. This joint venture had included the existing Russian assets held by BP (TIMMONS, 2003). One of the major driving forces of this venture is BP focused on expanding its business activities in the international market and joint venture with the company based in the target foreign market will helps in better insight regarding the market. Additionally, in case of joint venture, BP can easily get an access to the new market and its distribution network. Equal participation of the partners in the joint venture capitalizes unique capabilities of the partners for achieving mutual goal (Hill, 2009). Both the organization had focused on the idea of capitalizing synergy which will significantly contribute in growth of both the organization. In this joint venture, BP had shared its technical knowledge along with market power. On the other hand, TNK significantly contributed through identification of the large oil reserves in the Siberia (Ekin and King, 2009). This joint venture also has an important political implication which must be considered as one of the most important driving forces of the BP TNK joint venture. In Russia, Britain has become the largest source of foreign investment after this strategic move of Britain (Macalister and Hollingsworth, 2003). Former Prime Minister of Britain, Mr. Tony Blair had referred the deal as a concrete testimony to the long term confidence of UK in Russia. BP had identified that the energy sector of Russia is an attractive area of investment. Moreover the enhanced accounting transparency and firm corporate governance practice in Russia has led to the joint venture (Macalister, 2003). If Russian perspective is considered, it can be found that, the nation requires significant foreign investment for tapping large reserve and building the pipelines as well as other infrastructure and facilities in the oil and gas market (TIMMONS, 2003). Advantages of Joint Venture of TNK BP Joint venture of BP and TNK can be critically analyzed by considering various aspects. Different studies have indicated that the joint venture of TNK BP has been beneficial in various aspects. On the other hand, it is evident that TNK BP had encountered various issues in operating in Russian oil and gas sector. This section will focus on highlighting the major advantages of joint venture in case of TNK BP. The operational activities of TNK BP had been effective and it generated substantial profit. TNK BP had become third largest vertically integrated oil and gas Company of Russia. During the period 2003 to 2012, the joint venture had been able generate more than 55 billion dollars. Hence, it can be stated that the joint venture of TNK BP has been successful (Bp.com, 2015). According to the analyst Michele della Bigna from Goldman Sachs, the joint venture has provided ample opportunity to BP for gaining access to a prospective new frontier area. BP could not get a direct access for undertaking exploration activities in Russia as a non-Russian company. Hence, this venture has provided significant growth opportunity for international expansion of BP (the Guardian, 2011). Significant risk is associated with international business expansion. However, selection of joint venture as the entry mode strategy in the international market assists in minimizing various risk factors. When a company considers integrating its business operation in the foreign market, it must consider the political risk. It is associated with the changes in political power which has considerable impact on the operational activities in the business. Implication of policy change and change in legal framework must be considered by the foreign investor. As TNK has been operating in the domestic market, it will be beneficial for the joint venture. The political and legal issues can be better dealt by the Russian partner. Additionally, joint venture of BBP and TNK has contributed in growing the business faster through enhancing productivity as each partner shared its unique expertise and strengths for maximizing the synergy (Killing, 2012). The joint venture has offered BP, better access to the Russian market as well as the distribution network. In this joint venture capability of BP and TNK has been capitalized which assisted in enhancing the capacity of the new organization. Cost as well risk of international business integration can be shared with the partner. This is the major advantage for both BP and TNK (Child, Faulkner and Tallman, 2005). The energy sector of Russia has been achieving significant growth and it has large oil and gas reserve. In order to tap the reserves, Russia needs assistance from the foreign investors who can invest in developing infrastructure and facilities for the oil and gas sector of Russia. The joint venture also allowed foreign currency inflow which has a positive implication for the Russian economy. Thus, the joint venture has significantly contributed in the energy sector of Russia. Russian government has provided support to BP for making the joint venture success. This joint venture is a political move that has made significant contribution in the economy of the nation. Joint venture of TNK BP has enabled the growth of the firm by ensuring greater access to huge resources which include skilled labor, experts, advanced technology, relevant experience and finance. It has been reported that the company has been able to perform successfully during 2003 to 2012 and the production of this joint venture enhanced by 40% in 9 years of operation. It had proved that SEC reserve had grown by 30% during this period. The technical specialization of BP has been capitalized by the joint venture that helped in achieving excellent result. It has been reported that the joint venture has been able to pay net dividend of 19 billion USD to the shareholders of British Petroleum. The company has paid more than 190 billion USD as tax and duties to the Russian Federation (Bp.com, 2015). The financials of the joint venture clearly depicts the operational excellence and the powerful partnership of BP and TNK. Potential Issues Though TNK BP has experienced significant growth and success during 2003 to 2012, it had encountered major issues relating to the expansion as well as employment policies. In 2012, BP has sold its share of TNK BP to Rosneft. This decision has been triggered by various factors. This section will focus on discussion the potential issue that led to the break up the joint venture in the Russian oil and gas sector. In case of joint ventures there is a significant risk of internal conflict and difference in opinion between the partners. In case of BP and TNK, the joint venture did not work as conflict occurred regarding the operational activity. Currency Risk: Potential risk is associated with currency due to fluctuation in the exchange rate. It is crucial in case of BP as it would require investing lump sum in the project. Political and Legal Issues: In 2011 BP had decided to establish a strategic partnership with Rosneft which is a state oil company in Russia. The strategic alliance focused on the Arctic development. TNK was unhappy about it and it was stated that the activities of BP led to conflict of interest. However, the deal was blocked as it has been claimed that BP had breached the shareholder agreement of TNK BP. Moreover, Russian government focuses on getting greater control over the oil and gas sector. It has been found that the companies not having more than 50% foreign capital could develop new fields (Sorbello and Grandi, 2013). Hence, TNK BP did not have the right to develop new fields. However, BP insisted the Russians to own 50% for developing new field. But the Russians did agree which led to managerial conflict. Therefore, Robert Dudley was forced to step down. The moral hazards and legal conflicts in TNK BP led to the end of the joint venture by selling the share to Rosneft. Internal Conflict: The management of BP had decided to end the partnership due to the bitter public dispute with the oligarch partners (Hulbert, 2012). A confidential source had revealed that the core of the problems was the major disagreement regarding the purpose of new ventures (Amos, 2012). If perspective of BP is considered, it can be found that TNK BP is viewed as a Russian subsidiary of the British oil and gas firm. On the other hand, Alfa-Access-Renovaconsidered TNK BP as an organization with global ambition which reflects that in near future it will compete with BP (Gosden, 2012). The partners have encountered major issues in decision making. Moreover, it has been observed that BP was losing its control over the day to day management. However, temporary peace was achieved when three independent directors were appointed in TNK BP. various events forced BP to take a defensive position. The Yukos affair had influenced the British Petroleum to assume that the business environment in Russia was cha nging in favor of the stated owned business units (Sorbello and Grandi, 2013). Starting from that time, the misunderstanding of the business environment led the joint venture in Russia into an increasing uncertain discontinuity in the activities of British Petroleum along with the major international trials. It has been found that whenever, Alfa-Access-Renovaconsidered expansion of the business activities of the joint venture TNK BP, British Petroleum had used its power or majority in board for opposing it (White, 2011). Recommendations The above sections have clearly identified the reason behind joint venture of TNK BP. It solely focused on capitalizing the synergies for enhancing the performance of partner organization. It has been observed that TNK BP has operated successfully during the period 2003 to 2013. However, ultimately the joint venture did not work and in 2012, BP had sold its share to Rosneft. Some recommendations can be provided regarding the indentified potential risks. BP can adopt an effective strategy for dealing with the currency risk in Russian investment. For counteracting currency risk price hedging will be appropriate (Rugman and Hodgetts, 2003). Political and legal risk seemed to be the major issue in the TNK BP joint venture. It has been found that political interference and breach of agreement has affected the partnership. As it has been affecting the independent business operation of BP, it has two options. First of all, BP can lower its share in TNK BP by partial withdrawal of capital. It will enable BP to develop new fields as the stake will be less than 50%. Major advantage of this strategy is BP will have an access to the oil and gas network. Or else, BP can completely withdraw its stake from the joint venture. However, there will be no scope for negotiation in future (Venkateswaran, 2012). Internal conflict between the partners can be resolved by negotiating. However, it must be considered that negotiation might not work as an effective strategy depending on the severity of conflict. As TNK has reported that there is a conflict in interest, it will be difficult to establish mutual trust and work together. Partial investment will be a suitable decision for British Petroleum. Conclusion This paper has provided an insight to the joint venture of British Petroleum and Tyumen Oil Company in Russia. Analyzing the driving forces of this joint venture, it has been found that BP considered it as a strategy for international business expansion. Russia has large source of oil and gas reserve and in order to undertake exploration activity, Russia requires foreign investment in order to develop infrastructure. It has been observed that in joint venture risk is minimized as both cost and uncertainty of the project is shared between partners. Additionally, joint venture helped BP in having access to the market and distribution network. It has been observed that the operational activities of TNK BP had been effective and it generated substantial profit. TNK BP had become third largest vertically integrated oil and gas Company of Russia. During the period 2003 to 2012, the joint venture had been able generate more than 55 billion dollars. Moreover, some significant issues have bee n identified in case of this joint venture. Potential currency risk, internal conflict between partners and political as well as legal issues has been encountered by TNK BP. Recommendation have been provided at the end of the study which indicates that partial or complete withdrawal of share in the joint venture. References Amos, H. (2012).TNK-BP Denies Owner Conflict's Impact on Production | Business. [online] The Moscow Times. Available at: https://www.themoscowtimes.com/business/article/tnk-bp-denies-owner-conflicts-impact-on-production/462803.html [Accessed 20 Mar. 2015]. Bp.com, (2015).BP at a glance | About BP | BP Global. [online] Available at: https://www.bp.com/en/global/corporate/about-bp/bp-at-a-glance.html [Accessed 20 Mar. 2015]. Bp.com, (2015).BP in Russia | About BP | BP Global. [online] Available at: https://www.bp.com/en/global/corporate/about-bp/bp-worldwide/bp-in-russia.html [Accessed 20 Mar. 2015]. Child, J., Faulkner, D. and Tallman, S. (2005). Cooperative strategy: Managing alliances, networks, and joint ventures.OUP Catalogue. Ekin, A. and King, T. (2009). A struggling international partnership: TNK-BP joint venture.Int. 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(2003).BP buys into big oil in Russia. [online] the Guardian. Available at: https://www.theguardian.com/business/2003/feb/11/russia.oilandpetrol [Accessed 20 Mar. 2015]. Macalister, T. and Hollingsworth, M. (2003).Price-fixing row over BP's Russian oil deal. [online] the Guardian. Available at: https://www.theguardian.com/business/2003/jun/26/oilandpetrol.news [Accessed 20 Mar. 2015]. Murphy, O. (2005).International project management. Mason, Ohio: Thomson. Rugman, A. and Hodgetts, R. (2003).International business. Harlow, England: Prentice Hall/Financial Times. Sorbello, P. and Grandi, L. (2013). From concentration to competition:The struggle for power between the Kremlin andGazprom through the study of TNK-BP and SouthStream.Irish Slavonic Studies, 25, pp.106-19. the Guardian, (2011).BP's Russian deal: What the analysts say. [online] Available at: https://www.theguardian.com/business/2011/jan/17/bp-russian-deal-what-analysts-say [Accessed 20 Mar. 2015]. TIMMONS, H. (2003).BP Signs Deal With Russians For Venture In Oil and Gas. [online] Nytimes.com. Available at: https://www.nytimes.com/2003/06/27/business/bp-signs-deal-with-russians-for-venture-in-oil-and-gas.html [Accessed 20 Mar. 2015]. U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA), (2015).Russia - U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA). [online] Eia.gov. Available at: https://www.eia.gov/countries/country-data.cfm?fips=RStrk=m [Accessed 20 Mar. 2015]. Venkateswaran, N. (2012).International business management. New Delhi: New Age International. White, G. (2011).TNK-BP Russian Partner Relishes Conflict. [online] WSJ. Available at: https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424052970203503204577036000854767804 [Accessed 20 Mar. 2015]. Zahra, S., Ireland, R. and Hitt, M. (2000). International expansion by new venture firms: International diversity, mode of market entry, technological learning, and performance.Academy of Management journal, 43(5), pp.925-950.